![]() ![]() They were asked to report the mean daily driving time (DDT) in hours and their answers were verified according to the frequency of gas fillings. We contacted on the cell phones of the study subjects at the end of the Persian year and asked them to report their age (years), sex, the frequency of intercity trips, the number of people who drove the vehicle and the vehicle’s age (Additional file 1). Study period was March 2007 to March 2008 (one complete Persian calendar year). The unexposed groups’ vehicles were equipped with ABS while the exposed group had the traditional brake system. The main difference between the studied vehicles was the ABS installation. The reason for restricting the study to cars of only one manufacturer was to limit the sources of variation such as socioeconomic status of driver and the technical differences. The study population was the drivers of two similar vehicles of the same manufacturer and similar engine, design and price. The total number of registered vehicles was about 14 million and the number of vehicles per 1000 inhabitants was equal to 13. conventional brake systems personal cars in Iran. The aim of this study is to compare the claimed annual incidence rates and financial losses of RTC in ABS equipped vs. The mandatory outfitting of new cars is under debate in Iran, considering the controversy mentioned above and the concerns about technical proficiency of local car manufacturers to provide effective and standard ABS for all new cars. Only a few vehicles are equipped with ABS in Iran and even in other countries. However, the evidence was controversial in different studies. It was expected that this technology will reduce the rate of RTC and then the RTIs or obstacle avoidance, as was seen in crash tests. However, the antilock brake system confronts the consistent force by reducing the pressure of liquid supplying the brake, so the brake force will increase just enough to a maximum level which is proper for stopping the car and in part not that much to lead to wheels lockup. ![]() Hence, such interference leads to skidding of the wheels which in turn, not only brings loss of directional control, but produces a very long stopping line in the pathway. In motor vehicles with conventional brake system, during a heavy braking or whenever the wheels begin to lock (such as seasonal iced or wet pavement), the force of the brake stopping the wheels exceeds the force making them rotate. ABS helps the equipped vehicles to stop under heavy braking, in a shorter distance, and with a much better control of direction than the conventional brake systems. Some road traffic safety regulatory authorities are going to consider the mandatory introduction of ESC systems, including ABS, as an effort to reduce RTCs. These measures include Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) and Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system installation to prevent RTCs seat belt, car seat and air bag to limit injury severity and effective post-crash measures to minimize RTIs consequences. Įffective measures are needed to prevent RTCs and thus RTIs. The high burden of RTCs may be due to increasing of urbanization, a large land area, long distances between cities and its location at the crossroad of international trade routes. Moreover, transport system with more focus on vehicle safety promotion must take in to account to meet this new national policy. The traffic safety culture and more importantly drivers’ attitude is still a major concern in Iran. Many activities including educational campaign, new law regulations with more focus on traffic calming, police enforcement on the new law as well as more restriction on graduated driver licensing programs in the country are lunched and updated in recent years. The Iranian parliament in 2004 lunched a new policy for reduction of RTIs in the country by 50 percent till end of 2015. ![]() More than one percent of the Iranian population is affected as a result of RTIs annually, covering around one third of the Iranian hospitals beds. The mortality rate of RTI is estimated as 00 population in 2012, which ranks as the highest among middle-income countries for which reliable estimates can be made. RTI is a major health problem in Iran with 114321 Road Traffic Crashes (RTCs) and 22976 fatal RTIs. ![]() Focusing on economic terms and gross national product (GNP), RTIs’ cost is estimated to be around 1% of GNP in low-income countries, while it is roughly 1.5% in middle-income and 2% in high-income countries. RTI puts psychological and financial impacts on family and survivors as well. Being a major public health problem worldwide, Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) are projected to increase in upcoming years. ![]()
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